CONTENTS
FOREWORD 11
1Scope 13
2Normative references 13
3Terms and definitions 14
3.1General terms and definitions 15
3.2Assemblies 19
3.3Parts of assemblies 19
3.4Switching devices 19
3.5Parts of circuit-breakers 21
3.6Operational characteristics 25
3.7Characteristic quantities 27
3.8Index of definitions 43
4Normal and special service conditions 47
5Ratings 47
5.1General 47
5.2Rated voltage (Ur) 48
5.3Rated insulation level (Ud, Up, Us) 48
5.4Rated frequency (fr) 48
5.5Rated continuous current (Ir) 48
5.6Rated short-time withstand current (Ik) 48
5.7Rated peak withstand current (Ip) 48
5.8Rated duration of short-circuit (tk) 48
5.9Rated supply voltage of auxiliary and control circuits (Ua) 48
5.10Rated supply frequency of auxiliary and control circuits 48
5.11Rated pressure of compressed gas supply for controlled pressure systems 48
5.101Rated short-circuit breaking current (Isc) 49
5.102Rated first-pole-to-clear factor (kpp) for terminal fault 52
5.103Rated short-circuit making current 52
5.104Rated operating sequence 52
5.105Rated out-of-phase making and breaking current 52
5.106Rated capacitive currents 53
6Design and construction 55
6.1Requirements for liquids 55
6.2Requirements for gases 55
6.3Earthing 55
6.4Auxiliary and control equipment and circuits 56
6.5Dependent power operation 56
6.6Stored energy operation 56
6.7Independent unlatched operation (independent manual or power operation) 56
6.8Manually operated actuators 56
6.9Operation of releases 56
6.10Pressure/level indication 57
Nameplates 58
6.12Locking devices 60
6.13Position indication 60
6.14Degrees of protection provided by enclosures 60
6.15Creepage distances for outdoor insulators 60
6.16Gas and vacuum tightness 60
6.17Tightness for liquid systems 60
6.18Fire hazard (flammability) 60
6.19Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) 60
6.20X-ray emission 60
6.21Corrosion 60
6.22Filling levels for insulation, switching and/or operation 61
6.101Requirements for simultaneity of poles during single closing and single
opening operations 61
6.102General requirement for operation 61
6.103Pressure limits of fluids for operation 61
6.104Vent outlets 62
6.105Time quantities 62
6.106Mechanical loads 62
6.107Circuit-breaker classification 63
7Type tests 65
7.1General 65
7.2Dielectric tests 67
7.3Radio interference voltage (RIV) test 72
7.4Resistance measurement 72
7.5Continuous current tests 73
7.6Short-time withstand current and peak withstand current tests 74
7.7Verification of the protection 74
7.8Tightness tests 74
7.9Electromagnetic compatibility tests (EMC) 74
7.10Additional tests on auxiliary and control circuits 75
7.11X-radiation test procedure for vacuum interrupters 75
7.101Mechanical and environmental tests 75
7.102Miscellaneous provisions for making and breaking tests 88
7.103General considerations for making and breaking tests 106
7.104Demonstration of arcing times 113
7.105Short-circuit test quantities 132
7.106Short-circuit test procedure 155
7.107Terminal fault tests 157
7.108Additional short-circuit tests 161
7.109Short-line fault tests 164
7.110Out-of-phase making and breaking tests 175
7.111Capacitive current tests 177
7.112Requirements for making and breaking tests on class E2 circuit-breakers
having a rated voltage above 1 kV up to and including 52 kV 191
8Routine tests 192
8.1General 192
8.2Dielectric test on the main circuit 193
8.3Tests on auxiliary and control circuits 195
8.4Measurement of the resistance of the main circuit 195
8.5Tightness test 195
8.6Design and visual checks 195
8.101 Mechanical operating tests 195
9Guide to the selection of switchgear and controlgear (informative) 197
9.101General 197
9.102Selection of rated values for service conditions 199
9.103Selection of rated values for fault conditions 201
9.104Selection for electrical endurance in networks of rated voltage above 1 kV
and up to and including 52 kV 205
9.105Selection for switching of capacitive loads 205
10Information to be given with enquiries, tenders and orders (informative) 205
10.1General 205
10.2Information with enquiries and orders 205
10.3Information to be given with tenders 206
11Transport, storage, installation, operation instructions and maintenance 208
11.1General 208
11.2Conditions during transport, storage and installation 208
11.3Installation 208
11.4Operating instructions 214
11.5Maintenance 214
11.101 Resistors and capacitors 215
12Safety 215
13Influence of the product on the environment 215
Annex A (normative) Calculation of TRVs for short-line faults from rated
characteristics 216
A.1Basic approach 216
A.2Transient voltage on line side 219
A.3Transient voltage on source side 219
A.4Examples of calculations 223
Annex B (normative) Tolerances on test quantities during type tests 226
Annex C (normative) Records and reports of type tests 235
C.1Information and results to be recorded 235
C.2Information to be included in type test reports 235
Annex D (normative) Method of determination of the prospective TRV 239
D.1General 239
D.2Drawing the envelope 239
D.3Determination of parameters 240
Annex E (normative) Methods of determining prospective TRV waves 243
E.1General 243
E.2General summary of the recommended methods 245
E.3Detailed consideration of the recommended methods 246
E.4Comparison of methods 257
Annex F (informative) Requirements for breaking of transformer-limited faults by
circuit-breakers with rated voltage higher than 1 kV 261
F.1General 261
F.2Circuit-breakers with rated voltage less than 100 kV 262
F.3Circuit-breakers with rated voltage from 100 kV to 800 kV 264
F.4Circuit-breakers with rated voltage higher than 800 kV 264
Annex G (normative) Use of mechanical characteristics and related requirements 265
Annex H (normative) Requirements for making and breaking test procedures for
metal-enclosed and dead tank circuit-breakers 266
H.1General 266
H.2Reduced number of making and breaking units for testing purposes 266
H.3Tests for single pole in one enclosure 267
H.4Tests for three poles in one enclosure 270
Annex I (normative) Requirements for circuit-breakers with opening resistors 272
I.1General 272
I.2Switching performance to be verified 272
I.3Insertion time of the resistor 285
I.4Current carrying performance 285
I.5Dielectric performance 285
I.6Mechanical performance 285
I.7Requirements for the specification of opening resistors 285
I.8Examples of recovery voltage waveshapes 285
Annex J (normative) Verification of capacitive current breaking in presence of single
or two-phase earth faults 292
J.1General 292
J.2Test voltage 292
J.3Test current 292
J.4Test-duty 293
J.5Criteria to pass the tests 293
Bibliography 294
Figure 1 – Typical oscillogram of a three-phase short-circuit make-break cycle 29
Figure 2 – Circuit-breaker without switching resistors – Opening and closing operations 30
Figure 3 – Circuit breaker without switching resistors – Close-open cycle 31
Figure 4 – Circuit-breaker without switching resistors – Reclosing (auto-reclosing) 32
Figure 5 – Circuit-breaker with switching resistors – Opening and closing operations 33
Figure 6 – Circuit-breaker with switching resistors – Close-open cycle 34
Figure 7 – Circuit-breaker with switching resistors – Reclosing (auto-reclosing) 35
Figure 8 – Determination of short-circuit making and breaking currents, and of
percentage DC component 50
Figure 9 – Percentage DC component in relation to the time interval from the initiation
of the short-circuit for the different time constants 51
Figure 10 – Example of wind velocity measurement 82
Figure 11 – Test sequence for low temperature test 84
Figure 12 – Test sequence for high temperature test 85
Figure 13 – Humidity test 87
Figure 14 – Example of reference mechanical characteristics (idealised curve) 91
Figure 15 – Reference mechanical characteristics of Figure 14 with the envelopes centred over the reference curve (+5 %, –5 %) 92
Figure 16 – Reference mechanical characteristics of Figure 14 with the envelope fully displaced upward from the reference curve (+10 %, –0 %) 93
Figure 17 – Reference mechanical characteristics of Figure 14 with the envelope fully
displaced downward from the reference curve (+0 %, –10 %) 93
Figure 18 – Equivalent testing set-up for unit testing of circuit-breakers with more than
one separate making and breaking units 95
Figure 19 – Earthing of test circuits for single-phase short-circuit tests, kpp = 1,5 96
Figure 20 – Earthing of test circuits for single-phase short-circuit tests, kpp = 1,3 97
Figure 21 – Test circuit for single-phase out-of-phase tests 97
Figure 22 – Test circuit for out-of-phase tests using two voltages separated by 120
electrical degrees 98
Figure 23 – Test circuit for out-of-phase tests with one terminal of the circuit-breaker
earthed (subject to agreement of the manufacturer) 98
Figure 24 – Example of prospective test TRV with four-parameter envelope which satisfies the conditions to be met during type test – Case of specified TRV with four-
parameter reference line 99
Figure 25 – Example of prospective test TRV with two-parameter envelope which satisfies the conditions to be met during type test: case of specified TRV with two-
parameter reference line 100
Figure 26 – Example of prospective test TRV-waves and their combined envelope in
two-part test 101
Figure 27 – Earthing of test circuits for three-phase short-circuit tests, kpp = 1,5 108
Figure 28 – Earthing of test circuits for three-phase short-circuit tests, kpp = 1,3 109
Figure 29 – Determination of power frequency recovery voltage 111
Figure 30 – Graphical representation of the time parameters for the demonstration of
arcing times in three-phase tests of test-duty T100a 114
Figure 31 – Graphical representation of an example of the three valid symmetrical
breaking operations for kpp = 1,5 115
Figure 32 – Graphical representation of the three valid symmetrical breaking
operations for kpp = 1,2 or 1,3 116
Figure 33 – Graphical representation of an example of the three valid asymmetrical
breaking operations for kpp = 1,5 120
Figure 34 – Graphical representation of an example of the three valid asymmetrical
breaking operations for kpp = 1,2 or 1,3 121
Figure 35 – Example of a graphical representation of the three valid symmetrical
breaking operations for single-phase tests in substitution of three-phase conditions for
kpp = 1,5 125
Figure 36 – Example of a graphical representation of an example of the three valid symmetrical breaking operations for single-phase tests in substitution of three-phase
conditions for kpp = 1,2 or 1,3 126
Figure 37 – Example of a graphical representation of an example of the three valid
asymmetrical breaking operations for single-phase tests in substitution of three-phase
conditions for kpp = 1,5 128
Figure 38 – Example of a graphical representation of an example of the three valid
asymmetrical breaking operations for single-phase tests in substitution of three-phase
for kpp = 1,2 and 1,3 129
Figure 39 – Graphical representation of the arcing window and the pole factor kp,
determining the TRV of the individual pole, for systems with a kpp of 1,2 131
Figure 40 – Graphical representation of the arcing window and the pole factor kp,
determining the TRV of the individual pole, for systems with a kpp of 1,3 131
Figure 41 – Graphical representation of the arcing window and the pole factor kp,
determining the TRV of the individual pole, for systems with a kpp of 1,5 132
Figure 42 – Representation of a specified TRV by a 4-parameter reference line and a
delay line 135
Figure 43 – Representation of a specified TRV by a two-parameter reference line and
a delay line 136
Figure 44 – Basic circuit for terminal fault with ITRV 136
Figure 45 – Representation of ITRV in relationship to TRV 137
Figure 46 – Example of line transient voltage with time delay with non-linear rate of rise 151
Figure 47 – Necessity of additional single-phase tests and requirements for testing 162
Figure 48 – Basic circuit arrangement for short-line fault testing and prospective TRV-
circuit-type a) according to 7.109.3: Source side and line side with time delay 166
Figure 49 – Basic circuit arrangement for short-line fault testing – circuit type b1)
according to 7.109.3: Source side with ITRV and line side with time delay 167
Figure 50 – Basic circuit arrangement for short-line fault testing – circuit type b2)
according to 7.109.3: Source side with time delay and line side without time delay 168
Figure 51 – Example of a line side transient voltage with time delay 169
Figure 52 – Flow chart for the choice of short-line fault test circuits 170
Figure 53 – Compensation of deficiency of the source side time delay by an increase
of the excursion of the line side voltage 172
Figure 54 – Recovery voltage for capacitive current breaking tests 188
Figure 55 – Reclassification procedure for line and cable-charging current tests 190
Figure 56 – Reclassification procedure for capacitor bank current tests 191
Figure A.1 – Typical graph of line and source side TRV parameters – Line side and
source side with time delay 218
Figure A.2 – Actual course of the source side TRV for short-line fault L90, L75 and L60 221
Figure A.3 – Typical graph of line and source side TRV parameters – Line side and
source side with time delay, source side with ITRV 222
Figure D.1 – Representation by four parameters of a prospective TRV of a circuit –
Case D.2 c) 1) 241
Figure D.2 – Representation by four parameters of a prospective TRV of a circuit –
Case D.2 c) 2) 241
Figure D.3 – Representation by four parameters of a prospective TRV of a circuit –
Case D.2 c) 3) i) 242
Figure D.4 – Representation by two parameters of a prospective TRV of a circuit –
Case D.2 c) 3) ii) 242
Figure E.1 – Effect of depression on the peak value of the TRV 244
Figure E.2 – Breaking with arc-voltage present 246
Figure E.3 – TRV in case of ideal breaking 247
Figure E.4 – Breaking with pronounced premature current-zero 247
Figure E.5 – Relationship between the values of current and TRV occurring in test and
those prospective to the system 248
Figure E.6 – Breaking with post-arc current 249
Figure E.7 – Schematic diagram of power-frequency current injection apparatus 250
Figure E.8 – Sequence of operation of power-frequency current injection apparatus 251
Figure E.9 – Schematic diagram of capacitance injection apparatus 253
Figure E.10 – Sequence of operation of capacitor-injection apparatus 254
Figure F.1 – First example of transformer-limited fault (also called transformer-fed fault) 261
Figure F.2 – Second example of transformer-limited fault (also called transformer-
secondary fault) 262
Figure H.1 – Test configuration considered in Table H.1, Table H.2 and Table H.3 268
Figure I.1 – Typical system configuration for breaking by a circuit-breaker with opening
resistors 272
Figure I.2 – Test circuit for test-duties T60 and T100 274
Figure I.3 – Test circuit for test-duties T10, T30 and OP2 275
Figure I.4 – Example of an underdamped TRV for T100s(b), Ur = 1 100 kV Isc = 50 kA,
fr = 50 Hz 277
Figure I.5 – Example of an overdamped TRV for T10, Ur = 1 100 kV Isc = 50 kA, fr =
50 Hz 278
Figure I.6 – Example of a test circuit for short-line fault test-duty L90 279
Figure I.7 – Example of real line simulation for short-line fault test-duty L90 based on
Ur = 1 100 kV, Isc = 50 kA and fr = 50 Hz 280
Figure I.8 – Typical recovery voltage waveshape of capacitive current breaking on a
circuit-breaker equipped with opening resistors 282
Figure I.9 – Typical recovery voltage waveshape of T10 (based on Ur = 1 100 kV, Isc = 50 kA and fr = 50 Hz) on the resistor switch of a circuit-breaker equipped with opening
resistors 283
Figure I.10 – TRV waveshapes for high short-circuit current breaking operation 286
Figure I.11 – Currents in case of high short-circuit current breaking operation 287
Figure I.12 – TRV shapes for low short-circuit current breaking operation 288
Figure I.13 – Currents in case of low short-circuit current breaking operation 289
Figure I.14 – Voltage waveshapes for line-charging current breaking operation 290
Figure I.15 – Current waveshapes for line-charging current breaking operation 291
Table 1 – Preferred values of rated capacitive currents 54
Table 2 – Nameplate information 59
Table 3 – Examples of static horizontal and vertical forces for static terminal load 63
Table 4 – Number of mechanical operations 64
Table 5 – Type tests 66
Table 6 – Invalid tests 67
Table 7 – Test requirements for voltage tests as condition check for metal-enclosed
circuit-breakers 70
Table 8 – Number of operating sequences 79
Table 9 – Standard values of ITRV – Rated voltages 100 kV and above 112
Table 10 – Last current loop parameters in three-phase tests and in single-phase tests in substitution for three-phase conditions in relation with short-circuit test-duty T100a –
Tests for 50 Hz operation 117
Table 11 – Last current loop parameters in three-phase tests and in single-phase tests in substitution for three-phase conditions in relation with short-circuit test-duty T100a –Tests for 60 Hz operation 118
Table 12 – Prospective TRV parameters for single-phase tests in substitution for three-
phase tests to demonstrate the breaking of the second-pole-to-clear for kpp = 1,3 122
Table 13 – Prospective TRV parameters for single-phase tests in substitution for three-
phase tests to demonstrate the breaking of the third-pole-to-clear for kpp = 1,3 123
Table 14 – Standard multipliers for TRV values for second and third clearing poles 130
Table 15 – Arcing window for tests with symmetrical current 130
Table 16 – Values of prospective TRV for class S1 circuit-breakers rated for kpp = 1,5 138
Table 17 – Values of prospective TRV for class S1 circuit-breakers rated for kpp = 1,3 140
Table 18 – Values of prospective TRV for class S2 circuit-breakers rated for kpp = 1,5 142
Table 19 – Values of prospective TRV for class S2 circuit-breakers for rated for kpp = 1,3 . 144 Table 20 – Values of prospective TRV for circuit-breakers rated for kpp = 1,2 or 1,3 –
Rated voltages of 100 kV and above 147
Table 21 – Values of prospective TRV for circuit-breakers rated for kpp = 1,5 – Rated
voltages of 100 kV to 170 kV 149
Table 22 – Values of prospective TRV for out-of-phase tests on class S1 circuit-
breakers for kpp = 2,5 152
Table 23 – Values of prospective TRV for out-of-phase tests on class S1 circuit-
breakers for kpp = 2,0 153
Table 24 – Values of prospective TRV for out-of-phase tests on class S2 circuit-
breakers for kpp = 2,5 153
Table 25 – Values of prospective TRV for out-of-phase tests on class S2 circuit-
breakers for kpp = 2,0 154
Table 26 – Values of prospective TRV for out-of-phase tests on circuit-breakers rated
for kpp = 2,5 – Rated voltages of 100 kV to 170 kV 154
Table 27 – Values of prospective TRV for out-of-phase tests on circuit-breakers rated
for kpp = 2,0 – Rated voltages of 100 kV and above 155
Table 28 – Prospective TRV parameters for single-phase and double-earth fault tests 163
Table 29 – Values of line characteristics for short-line faults 165
Table 30 – Values of prospective TRV for the supply circuit of short-line fault tests 174
Table 31 – Test-duties to demonstrate the out-of-phase rating 176
Table 32 – Specified values of u1, t1, uc and t2 179
Table 33 – Common requirements for test-duties 181
Table 34 – Operating sequence for electrical endurance test on class E2 circuit-
breakers for auto-reclosing duty 192
Table 35 – Application of voltage for dielectric test on the main circuit 193
Table 36 – Test voltage for partial discharge test 194
Table A.1 – Ratios of voltage-drop and source-side TRV 218
Table B.1 – Tolerances on test quantities for type tests 227
Table E.1 – Methods for determination of prospective TRV 258
Table F.1 – Required values of prospective TRV for T30, for circuit-breakers intended to be connected to a transformer with a connection of small capacitance – Rated
voltage higher than 1 kV and less than 100 kV for non-effectively earthed neutral
systems 263
Table F.2 – Required values of prospective TRV for circuit-breakers with rated voltages higher than 800 kV intended to be connected to a transformer with a
connection of low capacitance 264
Table H.1 – Three-phase capacitive current breaking in service conditions: voltages on
the source-side, load-side, and recovery voltages 268
Table H.2 – Corresponding capacitive current-breaking tests in accordance with
7.111.7 for single-phase laboratory tests. Values of voltages on the source-side, load-
side, and recovery voltages 269
Table H.3 – Capacitive current breaking in actual service conditions: maximum typical
voltage values 271
Table I.1 – Results of the TRV calculation for terminal faults and out-of-phase 276
Table I.2 – Results of the TRV calculation for test-duty L90 280
Table I.3 – Results of the TRV calculations for test-duty T10 283
HIGH-VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR AND CONTROLGEAR –
Part 100: Alternating-current circuit-breakers
1 Scope
This part of IEC 62271 is applicable to three-phase AC circuit-breakers designed for indoor or outdoor installation and for operation at frequencies of 50 Hz and/or 60 Hz on systems having voltages above 1 000 V. This document includes only direct testing methods for making- breaking tests. For synthetic testing methods refer to IEC 62271-101.
NOTE In a direct testing method one source is used to supply the voltage and current during the making and breaking tests.
This part of IEC 62271 is not applicable to:
–circuit-breakers with a closing mechanism for dependent manual operation;
–circuit-breakers intended for use on motive power units of electrical traction equipment; these are covered by IEC 60077 (all parts) [1] 1;
–generator circuit-breakers installed between generator and step-up transformer; these are covered by the IEC 62271-37-013 [2];
–self-tripping circuit-breakers with tripping devices that cannot be made inoperative during testing. Tests on automatic circuit reclosers are covered by IEC 62271-111 [3];
–tests to prove the performance under abnormal conditions that are not described in this document are subject to agreement between manufacturer and user. Such abnormal conditions are, for example, cases where the voltage is higher than the rated voltage of the circuit-breaker, conditions which can occur due to sudden loss of load on long lines or cables.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-151:2001, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 151: Electrical and magnetic devices
IEC 60050-151:2001/AMD1:2013
IEC 60050-151:2001/AMD2:2014
IEC 60050-151:2001/AMD3:2019
IEC 60050-151:2001/AMD4:2020
IEC 60050-441:1984, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 441: Switchgear, controlgear and fuses
IEC 60050-441:1984/AMD1:2000
IEC 60050-442:1998, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 442: Electrical accessories
IEC 60050-442:1998/AMD1:2015
IEC 60050-442:1998/AMD2:2015
IEC 60050-442:1998/AMD3:2019
IEC 60050-461:2008, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 461: Electric cables
IEC 60050-601:1985, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 601: Generation, transmission and distribution of electricity – General
IEC 60050-601:1985/AMD1:1998
IEC 60050-601:1985/AMD2:2020
IEC 60050-614:2016, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 614: Generation, transmission and distribution of electricity – Operation
IEC 60059, IEC standard current ratings
IEC 60060-1, High-voltage test techniques – Part 1: General definitions and test requirements
IEC 60255-151:2009, Measuring relays and protection equipment – Part 151: Functional requirements for over/under current protection
IEC 60270, High-voltage test techniques – Partial discharge measurements
IEC 62271-1:2017, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 1: Common specifications for alternating current switchgear and controlgear
IEC 62271-101, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 101: Synthetic testing
IEC 62271-102:2018, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 102: Alternating current disconnectors and earthing switches
IEC 62271-200:20— 2, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 200: AC metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear for rated voltages above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV
IEC 62271-203, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 203: Gas-insulated metal- enclosed switchgear for rated voltages above 52 kV
Bibliography
Numbered references:
[1]IEC 60077 (all parts), Railway applications – Electric equipment for rolling stock
[2]IEC 62271-37-013, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 37-013: Alternating- current generator circuit-breakers
[3]IEC 62271-111, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 111: Automatic circuit reclosers for alternating current systems up to and including 38 kV
[4]IEC TR 62271-306:2012, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 306: Guide to IEC 62271-100, IEC 62271-1 and other IEC standards related to alternating current circuit-breakers
[5]IEC 60056, High-voltage alternating-current circuit-breakers 5
[6]IEC TR 62271-310, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 310: Electrical endurance testing for circuit-breakers above a rated voltage of 52 kV
[7]ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008, Uncertainty of measurement – Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995)
[8]IEC 60137:2017, Insulated bushings for alternating voltages above 1 000 V
[9]IEC TR 62271-300, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 300: Seismic qualification of alternating current circuit-breakers
[10]IEC TR 62271-302, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 302: Alternating current circuit-breakers with intentionally non-simultaneous pole operation
[11]CIGRE-IEC 2019 Conference on EHV and UHV (AC & DC), April 23-26, 2019 Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan, session A3, "Recovery Voltage at Capacitive Current Interruption for High Resistance Earthed Neutral Systems"
[12]A. Pons, A. Sabot, G. Babusci; Electrical endurance and reliability of circuit-breakers. Common experience and practice of two utilities. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,
Vol. 8, No. 1, January 1993
[13]CIGRE Technical Brochure 163:2000, Guide for SF6 gas mixtures
[14]IEC 62271-110, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 110: Inductive load switching
[15]CIGRE Technical Brochure 368:2009, Operating environment of voltage grading capacitors applied to high-voltage circuit-breakers
[16]IEC 60296, Fluids for electrotechnical applications – Mineral insulating oils for electrical equipment
[17]IEC 60376, Specification of technical grade sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) and complementary gases to be used in its mixtures for use in electrical equipment
[18]IEC 60480, Specifications for the re-use of sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) and its mixtures in electrical equipment
[19]IEC 62271-4, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 4: Handling procedures for sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) and its mixtures
[20]IEC 60865-1:2011, Short-circuit currents – Calculation of effects – Part 1: Definitions and calculation methods
Other documents providing additional information:
IEC 60050-441:1984, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 441: Switchgear, controlgear and fuses
IEC 60071-1, Insulation co-ordination – Part 1: Definitions, principles and rules
IEC 60071-2, Insulation co-ordination – Part 2: Application guidelines
IEC 60099-4, Surge arresters – Part 4: Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps for a.c. systems
IEC 60143-2, Series capacitors for power systems – Part 2: Protective equipment for series capacitor banks
IEC 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 61869 (all parts), Instrument transformers
IEC 61869-1, Instrument transformers – Part 1: General requirements
IEC 61869-3, Instrument transformers – Part 3: Additional requirements for inductive voltage transformers
IEC 62262, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures for electrical equipment against external mechanical impacts (IK code)
IEC 62271-100:2001 6 , High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 100: High-voltage alternating-current circuit-breakers
IEC 62271-100:2001/AMD:2002
IEC 62271-100:2001/AMD:2006
IEC 62271-109, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 109: Alternating-current series capacitor by-pass switches
ANSI/IEEE C37.013-1997, Standard for AC High-Voltage Generator Circuit Breakers Rated on a Symmetrical Current Basis
ANSI/IEEE, C37.09-1999, Test procedure for AC High-Voltage Circuit Breakers Rated on a Symmetrical Current Basis
IEEE 100, The authoritative dictionary of IEEE standards terms, 7th edition, 2000